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This Date in History | Limb Replacement Program

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The phrase Mutually Assured Destruction was coined in 1962 though I don’t recall hearing it until quite a few years later. That doesn’t mean that the concept wasn’t well lodged in my young brain from early youth. An episode of “The Twilight Zone” sticks in my memory though I couldn’t have seen it at first airing in 1959 — “Time Enough At Last” —showed bookworm Henry Bemis, played by Burgess Meredith (who I’d come to know soon enough as ‘The Penguin’ to the much more hopeful TV Batman that I so loved), in a post-apocalyptic world where he was finally left alone to read to his heart’s content (no spoiler).

I don’t remember any “Duck and Cover” drills at #Bonlee Elementary School either but I was very aware in my imagination that nuclear targets lay most immediately to my east — I knew my cardinal directions very early — the beach was east and the mountains were west — Raleigh and Fort Bragg being most prominent. Later I would identify the Research Triangle Park, also east, as a major attraction for Soviet bombs and missiles.

Maybe I was a particularly unrealistic kid - but I thought about MAD and even imagined thwarting the whole thing and surviving an atomic showdown. Maybe that’s what everybody imagined? In fact around this time I put together a ‘Fall-Out’ Shelter in the basement of the house in #Bonlee. I got the idea from a 4-H show on WUNC-TV (Channel 4 we called it). It never dawned on me that a shelter was a patently foolish enterprise - unless, and then in only a mildly sensible way - you were going to be The Attacker and would take to the bunkers before you launched. Yep, all those

Just another piece of the Shadow of Mutually Assured Destruction that Cold War kids lived beneath I guess. We, at least were lucky to be in the country and not a Russian Target — we thought.

Now in an urban setting like New York City ponder for a moment the thinking, if you can call it that, that windowless, damp tenement basements might be represented as places of refuge or that being locked in such a space with your neighbors, the surviving ones, after all around you lay in electricity-less, poisoned rubble. Lordy.

I reckon it made me feel better about my chances in a post apocalypse world that one corner of our reasonably dry basement in Bonlee spirted a two-week supply of canned peaches, Nabs, and unspoilable Vienna Sausages. After all, my part of the world in those days had to be pretty low priority in Russian estimates, right…though as the cartoon feature below suggests, rural America was hardly safe from dastardly Commie designs.

Cold War History: “Did You Know?” Syndicated Feature published #OTD (April 30) 1964.

Also read, “Fallout Shelters: Why Some New Yorkers Never Planned To Evacuate After A Nuclear Disaster,” Fallout Shelters: Why some New Yorkers never planned to evacuate after a nuclear disaster | 6sqft

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I guess I remember two families in CH that had separate from the house dug in "bunkers"-nuclear war shelters . Our neighbors had central room in the basement-no windows-cement block walls-full of water and beenie weinies etc
 
They hanged Tom Dula #OTD in 1868 in Iredell County.

"In 1868 a man named Tom Dula (pronounced Dooley) was hanged in Statesville, N.C. after being convicted of murdering his lover, Laura Foster, in 1866.


The execution wasn’t the end of Tom Dula’s story. For generations rumors, conspiracies, and a hit song have swirled around the crime and its fallout.

As the story goes, the young Tom Dula was romantically involved with a woman named Ann Melton prior to enlisting as a confederate soldier in 1862. After the Civil War, he returned to Wilkes County, N.C. and resumed his affair with the now married Ann Melton, while also becoming romantically involved with her cousin Laura Foster.

In the spring of 1866, Laura Foster’s body was found in a shallow grave days after she’d been stabbed in the chest. Dula was arrested in Tennessee and returned to North Carolina for trial. His highly publicized case was tried, convicted, temporarily overturned, and ultimately upheld.

Legend has it that the actual perpetrator of the murder was Dula’s other lover Ann Melton.

The mythology around Tom Dula’s story reached new heights in 1958 when The Kingston Trio recorded and released to great critical and commercial success “Tom Dooley,” a traditional murder ballad about the incident.

Now a part of the canon of American folk music, the recording of “Tom Dooley” that started it all was captured by Frank and Anne Warner, two song-collectors who recorded a carpenter named Frank Proffitt singing the song in Beech Mountain, N.C. in 1938. Many have gone on to record and cover the murder ballad, including North Carolina flatpicking legend Doc Watson, who released his version in 1964.

In a poignant twist of music and historic lore, Doc Watson’s great grandmother allegedly heard Ann Melton confess to the murder on her deathbed in 1874."

"As he stood on the gallows facing death, Dula reportedly said, "Gentlemen, I did not harm a single hair on that fair lady's head." (West, John Foster (April 2002). The Ballad of Tom Dula: The Documented Story Behind the Murder of Laura Foster. Parkway Publishers. ISBN 1-887905-55-3.)




 
Here’s an example of a ‘Double’ among the North Carolina Historical Markers. There is a marker for Captain Johnston Blakeley on Chicken Bridge in Chatham County, or was the last I drove that way, but I have long had a haunting memory of a Blakeley marker placed in a urban setting (I used to think it might have been in Pittsboro but no). And so there IS one (or was), in the heart of downtown Wilmington at 3rd Street and Princess, also the location of the famous Thalian Hall there.

Here’s the link for the Chatham Marker: http://www.ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=H-10

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And here is one for the Wilmington one: http://www.ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=D-37

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Interestingly the Chatham marker went up in 1937 but the Wilmington remembrance had to wait until 1949. I must have seen this one during some long ago trek to the beach. But don’t go looking for it today - it was damaged, taken down, and has not been restored.

The Wilmington Blakeley was probably hit by a truck.

Here’s ‘The Rest of the Story.’ #OTD (May 1) in 1814 ‘The Wasp’ set sail commanded by Johnston Blakeley of Rockrest, Chatham County (and @UNC) with the mission to harass the British navy and shipping (War of 1812). Many victories followed but ‘The Wasp’ was lost at sea - Blakeley was honored posthumously.

See here: https://www.ncdcr.gov/.../johnston-blakeley-war-of-1812...

Also see NCPedia for a full account of the story of Blakeley and the exploits of ‘The Wasp.’ https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/blakeley-johnston


As a student (1797-99) at UNC he headed the Philanthropic Society and his portrait hangs in New West Hall on campus there.


In his honor a poem was penned and published in The North Carolina Magazine in 1855, Volume 3.

No more shall Blakeley's thunder roar,
Upon the stormy deep;
Far distant from Columbia's shore,
His tombless ruins sleep;
But long Columbia's song shall tell
How Blakeley fought, how Blakeley fell.

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#OTD in 1970: Allison Krause, William Schroeder, Sandy Scheuer and Jeffrey Miller.
While not an opinion my parents or grandparents expressed, at the time I remember a lot of talk that if this had happened earlier and more often, then the country would have been better off. I was surprised at who I heard it from and made a mental note of those expressing that opinion. I have come to believe that the National Guard soldier were not universally evil. But there was a subset among them who had no business being handed live ammunition. Once the firing starts, it become infectious. When I was in the Army, I was relieved when I found out the highly controlled conditions under which live rounds were issued. Live rounds should have never been issued. That live rounds were issued was a symptom of a problem far worse than demonstrating students. Not trying to excuse the inexcusible, but if the ROTC building had not been burned down two days earlier, I don't think shots would have been fired on May 4th.
 
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Link: Clara Immerwahr - Wikipedia.

On this day, May 2, 1915, Clara Immerwahr committed suicide. Clara Immerwahr was one of the first women in Germany to be awarded a PhD in chemistry. Shortly thereafter, she married Fritz Haber (after converting from Judaism to Christianity) and largely submerged her career to advance his. Fritz Haber was the co-inventor of the Haber-Bosch process, along with Carl Bosch (nephew of the Bosch of spark-plug fame.) Fritz invented the lab version of the Haber-Bosch process and Carl invented the industrial Haber-Bosch process. Both were awarded Nobel Prizes for their work on the Haber-Bosch process. Fritz, a Jew who converted to Christianity, invented many of the poison gases Germany used in WW1. On the evening after the first use of a poison gas that Fritz had invented, his wife Clara committed suicide. It is widely believed this suicide was to protest what her husband had done and her inability to continue to be the wife of someone who would do such a thing. Among the poison gases that Fritz invented was Zyklon A, which was later "improved" by the Nazis to Zyklon B (hydrogen cyanide). Zyklon B was among the gases used by the Nazis to exterminate the Jews who Fritz had attempted to separate himself from early in his professional career. Notwithstanding Fritz' contributions to Germany society and his conversation to Christianity, he had to flee Germany upon the rise of Hitler to power.

Fritz and Carl played very different roles during the negotiations of the terms of surrender Germany would have to comply with after WW1. Fritz was part of the official negotiation team, and his main contribution was to insist that all German reparations must be paid for in gold. Fritz had confidently and confidentially informed his fellow negotiators that he was on the verge of inventing a process to extract gold from seawater and that soon Germany would have plenty of gold to pay off even the most ridiculous reparation demands. Fritz never invented a feasible means of extracting gold from seawater. Carl on the other hand was a member of an unofficial team of negotiators. One of the main Allied strategies in WW1 was to blockade German ports to prevent Germany from importing the nitrates essential to making explosives and fertilizers. The British Admiralty confidently predicted that with such a blockade in place, Germany would run out of explosives and/or food in six months. However, before WW1 even started, Carl had industrialized the process of making ammonia from air. With ammonia on hand, the only limits on how much explosives and fertilizer Germany could make was the production capacity of the plant at Oppau, finished in 1913, and how much nitrogen was in the atmosphere. That plant at Oppau kept Germany in WW1.

Among the prime objectives of the WW1 allies was to capture the Oppau plant, intact. The WW1 Allies succeeded in their objective. But the best scientific minds of the Allied powers could not figure out how Oppau worked. Carl, as a member of the unofficial negotiating team, agreed to disclose how plant at Oppau industrialized the Haber-Bosch process. And what tiny concessions Germany got in Paris Conference were due to Carl 's promises about the industrial Haber-Bosch process. Over half the nitrogen in your body was created in the Haber-Bosch process. Over half the world's population would not exist without the food created by the fertilizers derived from the nitrogen extracted from air by the Haber-Bosch process.

Clara Immerwahr Haber committed suicide on this day in 1915 when her husband took the final step of overseeing the deployment of poison gases that he had invented. In the 1930's, Fritz Haber had to flee Germany to avoid being sent to a concentration camp and, maybe, killed with Zyklon B gas, for the sin of having been born a Jew. Fritz died in 1934 in Basel while in route to Palestine to become the director of what is now known at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot in what would later become Israel. Carl Bosch founded IG Farben, once the world's largest chemical company, but during the 1930's he was forced out of the company because of his criticism of Hitler. Carl died on April 26, 1940, partially due to alcoholism that got worse in proportion to Hitler's rise to power.

A recounting of the Haber-Bosch process is titled, "Alchemy of the Air" by Thomas Hager, published in 2008. The title of the book is, I believe, a dig at Haber's delusional attempts to extract gold from seawater, when all the while the real treasure was fertilizer extracted from air.

My first employer after graduating from college was the Tennessee Valley Authority. In large part the TVA was created to build dams on the Tennessee River and its tributaries, to generate electricity, to power the Haber-Bosch process plants that were built to make the nitrogen needed to make explosives and fertilizers. A side "benefit" of all those dams generating electricity was the locating of the Oak Ridge plant that separated out the uranium needed to make the atomic bombs of WW2. And the worst act of domestic terrorism in the history of United States was the Oklahoma City bombing of 1995, made possible by ammonium nitrate fertilizer produced by, . . ., the Haber-Bosch Process.
 
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A reminder that dook U was originally Trinity College & located in Randolph County — And that it was a Carolina Man to start up the teaching of modern, Von Ranckian historical methodology & recognition of objectivity there.

#OTD in 1918 Stephen B. Weeks died. (b.1865)-He was NC’s first professionally-trained historian. Born in Pasquotank County, he graduated @UNC in 1886 & earned his PhD at Johns Hopkins University in 1891 (he also did an MA & PHD in English at Carolina prior to JHU). He then joined the faculty at Trinity College neé dook University and established the History Department there where he taught Classical Primary Source Research and Methods.

Weeks left Trinity to become an independent scholar and published over 200 books and articles. Weeks also collected ‘North Caroliniana’ and upon his passing UNC purchased his library of over 9,000 items to add to Special Collections at Wilson Library.

 
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A reminder that dook U was originally Trinity College & located in Randolph County — And that it was a Carolina Man to start up the teaching of modern, Von Ranckian historical methodology & recognition of objectivity there.

#OTD in 1918 Stephen B. Weeks died. (b.1865)-He was NC’s first professionally-trained historian. Born in Pasquotank County, he graduated @UNC in 1886 & earned his PhD at Johns Hopkins University in 1891 (he also did an MA & PHD in English at Carolina prior to JHU). He then joined the faculty at Trinity College neé dook University and established the History Department there where he taught Classical Primary Source Research and Methods.

Weeks left Trinity to become an independent scholar and published over 200 books and articles. Weeks also collected ‘North Caroliniana’ and upon his passing UNC purchased his library of over 9,000 items to add to Special Collections at Wilson Library.

Died at 53 AND published over 200 books and articles.
 
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Paul Green is a mysterious Tar Heel to me. The more I know of him the deeper seems the well of unknowns. Historically he has stood as a symbol of North Carolina and my Alma Mater but if the truth be told he is mostly forgotten. Even in Chapel Hill, his home for decades, how many can identify much more about him than a theater bearing his name and an outdoor drama? Maybe a few more can add that his Activism on Race challenged the White Supremacist Status Quo of his time. What was his time anyway?

Green was born in Lillington, NC - #DeepHarnett County - in 1894 — and he passed away at his home in Chatham County, NC in 1981. Yep, Chatham County - Old Lystra Road in fact - today his house, built in the 1890s and originally the Windy Oaks Inn, has returned to the hospitality world and is now known as The Old Lystra Inn.

I’ve seen ‘The Lost Colony’ of course & even read some of his writings. I know he spoke on behalf of Free Speech and against The Right-Wing Speaker Ban in the early 1960s. He collaborated with the African American author Richard Wright in a Chapel Hill still hung up on the Old South. That partnering was a complicated chapter in both his and Wright’s life, and one itself fraught with tension born of race in the region. Green questioned his own feelings and actions during that time for the rest of his life. Read more in-depth about how Wright, Green, Orson Wells, and Robert Houseman struggled with race, art, and personalities in the 1941 stage production of Wright’s novel, ‘Native Son,’ here: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26476879?seq=21

#OTD in 1981 Dramatist and Human Rights Activist Paul Green died - his was a life tied to North Carolina and teaching at UNC. He created outdoor dramas like ‘The Lost Colony’ and his race-honest play ‘Abraham’s Bosom’ won a Pulitzer Prize in 1927.

‘The Lost Colony’ opened in 1937 and was aimed at fostering a spirited response to The Great Depression by trumpeting a ‘can-do’ attitude of exploration and settlement. Unfortunately in the process real critiques of European Imperialism and Land Theft went by the wayside. Today, that outdoor drama is undergoing a re-working more in line with reality. For more on that read here: Cast In a New Light

The complexity of the life lived by Green is increasingly highlighted as historians, activists, and society at large grapple with past reality cast against mythologized misremembering. He was an artist of great skill with a vision of a better future but also a man bounded by obstacles that blocked his foresight in ways of which even he was unaware. He does seem to have tried to see through the curtain of regressive thinking and acting - his late-life lamentations about the fitful working relationship that he and Wright held show that. Examining Green’s life challenges us to more fully understand the past and the trials experienced by agents of change - feet of clay and all.

A bit more on Green: Acclaimed Dramatist Paul Green
 
#OTD in 1972 finger-pickin’ Bluesman #RevGaryDavis died. S.C.-born, he lived in #AVL, then #Durham where he helped birth the ‘Bull City Blues.’ #Raleigh came next then #NYC where he was, thankfully, often recorded. Reverend Gary Davis, Durham Blues Legend. ‬ ‪He played w/Blind Boy Fuller & taught Jorma, Weir, & Bromberg while influencing Taj Majal, Garcia, Dylan & Ry Cooder. Davis made many songs popular, including ‘Samson & Delilah.”

At The link: https://youtu.be/ZNDrLiJl88w
 
On May 5, 1862 a small, ill-equipped, and inexperienced Mexican army defeated a well-armed and powerful army of French invaders in Puebla. Mexican conservatives had backed the foreign forces in their own hopes of ousting from power the liberal government of Benito Juarez. Conservatives colluding with foreign forces in betrayal of their nation -- sound familiar? Please feel welcome to deepen this superficial commentary if you have an inkling)

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El Día de la Batalla de Puebla by Francisco P. Miranda, 1872
 
Happy Cornell 5-8-77 Day to all the Dead Heads




Minglewood Blues ... (AUD splice provides beginning of track) Loser El Paso They Love Each Other Jack Straw Deal Lazy Lightning ... Supplication (Aud Splice during transition)Brown Eyed Women Mama Tried Row Jimmy Dancin' In the Streets -Set 2- Take A Step Back/Tuning Scarlet Begonias ... Fire on the Mountain Estimated Prophet Tuning/Dead Air Saint Stephen ... Not Fade Away ... Saint Stephen ... Morning Dew -Encore- One More Saturday Night




And in case anyone is interested: From the Wayback Machine, "The Annotated Grateful Dead"
 
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