Background:
https://www.npr.org/2024/08/16/nx-s1-5075171/water-treaty-mexico-united-states
“Eighty years ago, the United States and Mexico worked out an arrangement to share water from the two major rivers that run through both countries: the Rio Grande and the Colorado. The treaty was created when water wasn't as scarce as it is now.
Water from Mexico flows to Texas' half-billion-dollar citrus industry and dozens of cities near the border. On the Mexican side, some border states like Baja California and Chihuahua are heavily reliant on the water that comes from the American side of the Colorado River.
Now, those water-sharing systems are facing one of the biggest tests in their history. Mexico is some 265 billion gallons of water behind on its deliveries to the United States…
… As urgent as receiving water from Mexico may seem, it isn't the only water problem for Texas. In Texas and several other states across the U.S., a significant amount of water is wasted from infrastructure breaks and leaks.
The state lost an estimated 129 billion gallons of water in 2022 — the
latest figures available from water-loss audit data submitted by public water suppliers to the Texas Water Development Board.
… To address the water scarcity in Texas, officials last year proposed a solution: a treaty "minute," or amendment, that would allow Mexico to pay water directly to South Texas instead of giving two-thirds to the Mexican state of Tamaulipas first, as currently specified in the treaty.
… "Priority must be given to domestic water, which is consumed by people rather than by companies," [Mexico’s prior president] he said. "We are looking for a way to address the problem of drought, of water shortages — work is being done." …”
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Texas isn’t wrong about Mexico being well short of its delivery obligations and Mexico isn’t lying about their need being for citizen consumption and the Texas demand being to feed its citrus business.
BTW, Texas is also in a major water dispute with New Mexico, a settlement of which was rejected by SCOTUS last year due to federal objections.