There is a cultural element to Islamic terrorism,
Those are just the major attacks, and just those on western civilians. I didn't list the numerous other smaller attacks in which one or two people were killed. And let's not talk about the unsuccessful or thwarted attacks: bombs on airliners over Detroit and Miami, in Times Square, plots against fuel farms and Christmas markets in the United States.
Those aren't one-offs, nor are they coincidences. There are cultural differences between Islamists and Westerners. It isn't Islamophobic to state that, because most Muslims aren't jihadists.
1. This conversation isn't about terrorism. It's almost a meta-conversation. It seems to be about whether Islam -- in general or just in jihadi form -- is uniquely disparaging of or uncaring toward human life. And your logic is fallacious: you're making the classic Wason selection task error. In your defense, it's a common mistake -- about 90% of people get it wrong.
en.wikipedia.org
Here, the "8" card is like your observations of Islamic terror groups. But you also have to turn over the red card, which is the context. That's what Paine and others are pointing out.
2. These cultural differences between Islamists and Westerners seem quite ad hoc and posited for convenience. Did you know that Churchill, the great stalwart anti-Nazi, created a mass famine in Bengal during WWII that left some preposterously high number of people dead? How does that fit into your cultural classifications? Or the Trail of Tears? Or the Holocaust? Or in my lifetime, apartheid, the Balkan genocide, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, etc.
But you know, maybe it's the culture of Abrahamic religions. If we look to the East, maybe we'll find better behavior. Like Japan -- I mean, did they rampantly violate human rights during and before WWII? Oh. Well, what about China? Oh. Cambodia? Oh Oh Oh.
3. I think it's more accurate, by a fair amount, to posit that humans do awful things in power struggles, regardless of religion.
4. To the extent that there's a culture of retribution (I think there might be, which isn't really what you're talking about here), I think it's more of a geographic thing. It's specific to the cultures of the area, including non-Muslim populations in the area (after all, Assad's government in Syria was Alawite, with backing from Christian groups. They gassed the Muslims, not the other way around).