Settlement expansion, the structural privileging of Jewish citizens over Arab citizens, and the slow strangulation of Palestinian political and economic life didn’t begin with Netanyahu and won’t end with him. Rabin and Barak, for example, both also presided over settlement growth.
The core issue is the structure itself.The Nation-State Law codifies a hierarchy that predates Netanyahu. We’ve spent 30 years betting on the two-state solution and in that time the West Bank has been carved up to the point where a viable Palestinian state is essentially a geographic fiction.
I’d argue the only just and workable endpoint is a single democratic state with full equal rights for everyone: Jewish, Arab, Christian, Muslim, whatever. We did something like this after the Civil War during Reconstruction. It was flawed and ultimately sabotaged by organized violence, but I think that the failure of the attempt doesn’t discredit the principle.
IMO, the most realistic path there runs through Washington. Israel’s current position is only sustainable with unconditional American backing. That backing is not as solid as it once was, particularly among younger Americans and younger American Jews.