You appear to have zero knowledge of journalism, how it works and how it fails, and then works or does not work to correct failure and proceed. This is almost certainly casually connected to the fact that you do not read actual journalism, and have never done so at any time in your adult life. Many conservatives much more informed and intelligent than yourself don't understand some of the same things you don't know and they more than you are why I will take some time to present what follows.
There are specific problems with journalism (pro-corporatism, but I will not digress here), but generally the finest sources do mostly what they should do. A list of the best of the best could be attempted as follows:
The Financial Times
The BBC
The New York Times
The Washington Post (now
profoundly compromised as a source, but listed here from a historical status)
NPR
PBS (especially the program Frontline, which is consistently the finest investigative long form broadcast journalism ever produced)
...and highest level magazines
The Atlantic
Harper's
The New Yorker
(and a few others).
Each of these are subscribers and members of The Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics.
https://www.spj.org/pdf/spj-code-of-ethics.pdf
Each of them hire the finest journalists in the world, usually already rewarded for good work, usually educated at the finest universities, each of the sources who hire these people benefiting when they are winning awards for investigative journalism.
Apart from NPR, American broadcast news of the highest reputation is a big step below this, and does less actual investigating than they do in relying on and relaying the work of the major sources above (there are other very good ones as well, but the primary sources are those). So mainstream broadcast sources like ABC, NBC, CBS, PBS, CNN, MSNBC and AP relay validated news, have pundits comment on this news, interview important figures and legitimate experts, and do a small amount of their own reporting. This level down is not generally a source of investigative journalism.
All of the large news organizations above are owned by larger corporations, which are bound to the only and the ever-present demand of maximizing shareholder value. News organizations compete with each other to be correct on facts, and if one fails the others will seize on this report their error to gain the readership or viewers who are looking for reality, this even more critically increase circulation and reputation in feedback to make the shareholders money--an extremely powerful incentive. Since the arrival and success of Fox "News" there is a niche market opposed to reality news that reflects negatively on conservative ideology, and there are offshoots of this in social media.
Back to most sources of legitimate news. Each of these have a history of, and do print corrections or retractions when they make mistakes. The good results of this system are unsurprising. Each wants to be correct more often than the competition. This competition is the essence of why a consumer of news cross-checks the very best possible sources (a rudimentary at home version of the
scientific method each person can and should make use of). One can recognize them as the best sources when what they find repeatedly holds up, has repeatedly held up, or when they have made mistakes they have produced clear retractions to get things right.
Top level journalists are powerfully biased to this ideal, eclipsing ideological bias they hold, if for no other reason than that they are ultimately subject to shareholders via the huge corporations of news journalism, who also compete to be seen as getting things correct (opposite to the radically different business model of for quintessential example, Fox "News" to please and thus sell elderly, mostly white, Republican viewers to advertisers of that reliable demographic). Because their stock-in-trade of most all highly regarded journalism entities is credibility (having even retractions hurts, despite it also being part of the model of credibility). So the connection down the line of the corporate model of actual journalism is they all understand that what they produce as a product for news consumers and shareholders and boss alike had better be verified. Or they won’t be working long--period. That is a bias that in principle exceeds and dominates any other, and a functional reason why top sources are, and can be recognized as top sources.
Extensive research has been done on people who get news stories from different single sources, and how correct or wrong those consumers are on facts as widely cross-validated from many sources. Results of this research show where media sources go badly wrong in misinforming viewers who utilize single sources, but even worse, the most corrupt of those single sources, as with the prime example, the farce that is Fox "News." A large research study was done in 2004 to examine people holding factually false views about the Iraq War a few years after it began, and where they got those falsehoods. They found that people who watched Fox "News" believed more of the falsehoods than those who watched or got their news from other sources, and NPR was the best in terms of people being least likely to believe the falsehoods. A small sample of a larger body of research on this, in some of the most important research findings of modern times on journalism and war:
World Public Opinion, Percentage of Americans Believing Iraq had WMD Rises (2006);
https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/10562.
However, conservative Republicans especially since the rise of Fox "News" and other corrupt right wing sources believe falsehoods and distortions of reality on a wide variety of topics, as also demonstrated by research:
R. J. Brulle, J. Carmichael, J. C. Jenkins, Shifting public opinion on climate change: An empirical assessment of factors influencing concern over climate change in the U.S., 2002–2010.
Clim. Change 114, 169–188 (2012).
J. Pasek, T. H. Stark, J. A. Krosnick, T. Tompson, What motivates a conspiracy theory? Birther beliefs, partisanship, liberal-conservative ideology, and anti-Black attitudes.
Elect. Stud. 40, 482–489 (2015).
A. J. Berinsky, The Birthers Are Back (2012);
The Birthers Are Back | YouGov.
J. M. Miller, K. L. Saunders, C. E. Farhart, Conspiracy endorsement as motivated reasoning: The moderating roles of political knowledge and trust.
Am. J. Polit. Sci. 60, 824–844 (2016).
G. Pennycook, D. G. Rand, Research note: Examining false beliefs about voter fraud in the wake of the 2020 Presidential Election,
Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review (2021).
From the findings of 2021 research into...
Conservative susceptibility to political misperceptions
In sum, American conservatives in the early 21st century are uniquely likely to hold political misperceptions. This is due, in large part, to characteristics of the messages circulating in the political information environment. Widely shared accurate political news disproportionately advances liberal interests, while viral falsehoods most often promote conservative interests. Together, these characteristics contribute to stark ideological differences in citizens’ ability to distinguish between truths and falsehoods about high-profile topics. This pattern may be exacerbated by the fact that liberals tend to experience bigger improvements in sensitivity than conservatives as the proportion of partisan news increases.
Widespread political misperceptions pose a notable threat to democracy, which is dependent on citizens’ ability to make informed decisions. The evidence presented here suggest that it may be possible to enhance conservatives’ ability to distinguish between political truths and falsehoods by altering the political information environment. If widely shared political news contained fewer falsehoods promoting conservative causes or more conservative-favorable accurate information, then misperceptions among conservatives would likely decline.