yeah, I’m curious at how much of this was driven by the ultra wealthy being older. I’m not sure there is a growing divide between the wealth of the median boomer and median millennial, but there certain is a growing divide between the ultra wealthy and everyone else, and the ultra wealthy are an older population.
This is an incredibly complicated topic but the former is also an issue.
www.nber.org
The wealth of households aged 75 and over increased from 5 percent above the overall average in 1983 to 16 percent above it in 2007, then continued to rise to 55 percent above by 2022. Correspondingly, the relative wealth of all other age groups declined during this period. For example, the mean net worth of households under 35 slipped from 21 percent of the overall mean in 1983 to 17 percent in 2007 to 16 percent in 2022.
Wolff identifies three principal factors driving these shifts. First, homeownership rates among the oldest Americans rose by 11.5 percentage points (from 69 to 81 percent) between 1983 and 2022. Meanwhile, younger households saw their homeownership rates remain essentially flat at around 39 percent, falling further behind the overall national average of 66 percent in 2022.
Second, direct and indirect stock holdings—through mutual funds, trusts, IRAs, and 401(k) plans—of households aged 75 and older rose from 56 percent of the overall average in 1989 to 347 percent in 2022.
Third, while debt levels rose in absolute terms across all ages, the ratio of mortgage debt to house value declined for older households, from 21 percent in 1983 to 10 percent in 2010, where it remained through 2022. Meanwhile, for younger households, this ratio rose from 23 percent in 1983 to 76 percent in 2010 before moderating to 57 percent in 2022.
Wolff finds that at least for the latter part of his sample period, 2007 through 2022, educational debt explains only a small fraction of young households’ relative wealth decline.