What are the alternatives to doing Israel doing the best they can to minimize civilian deaths? Should they just not respond to the October 7th attack and 'hope' that Hamas has a sudden change of heart and stops being terrorists?
1. Well, India did that after the horrifying Mumbai massacre. They responded diplomatically, but did not give the terrorists the big counterattack the terrorists wanted.
The terrorism died down almost immediately thereafter. Then Modi came in with his race- and religion-baiting and tensions gradually increased and now they have come to a head. but the "non-response" to the Mumbai attacks stands as probably the most effective response to a major escalation this century.
2. The thing that the "hit them back" crowd doesn't seem to grasp is that the terrorists know it's coming. Not only that, they want it to come. It's not as if they are idiots who think, "we'll infiltrate, and kill 1000 of their people, and they will do nothing to us." They kill 1000 people in order to start a war, because war serves their purposes. This isn't to say that retaliation is never in order, but it just shouldn't the default, go-to position every time. As Gandhi said, eye for an eye leaves the whole world blind.
3. We don't get enough study (or reporting on) the sociology of terrorism. To understand terrorism, of course, you have to understand the terrorists. We usually approach this from the perspective of the young recruited suicidal bomber. But what about the top brass?
Here's something worth thinking: both the military wing of the IRA and Hamas REALLY did not want to disarm. It took almost a decade for Sinn Fein, having recognized the need for peace and an end to the troubles, to convince the terrorists to lay down arms. Same with Hamas, probably considerably more so. Is that because the IRA and Hamas are similar organizations? Not at all. Their enemies are very different; their complaints very different; their identities very different. And yet. Throw in the PKK into the mix as well. Why can't these leaders see the right thing to do?
When you think about the terrorist leaders as human actors, the answer becomes obvious: they are soldiers, and what is a soldier when the war is over? Nothing. Hamas leaders have given their lives for the struggle. To call off the struggle, then, requires a huge act of self-sacrifice. Are the people who ascend to the top of terrorist organizations likely to be invested in self-sacrifice? I would think not. Thus do they keep fighting; they literally have nothing else in their lives.
This also explains the bizarre persistence of tiny factional groups that persist in their fight even after history had long abandoned them. I'm thinking here about Shining Path in Peru, among other splinter groups. Shining Path has been engaged in an insurrection against the imperialist lackey Peruvian government since 1980. Fine -- in 1980, the prospect for revolution was bright enough to spawn many insurgencies in various places around the globe. I wouldn't have agreed with them, but whatever. Anyway, Shining Path has had less than 500 members for over a decade. And yet they are still out there in the mountains, doing some kidnappings and preaching against capitalist oppression and even the occasional bombing. Why? What are they hoping to achieve? I would say: nothing. They are just doing what they do. They're finishing their careers, so to speak.
4. In order for terrorist policy to be effective, we need to take better account of this phenomenon. An economist might call this the "agency costs of terrorist organizations," not unlike the agency costs of government officials or corporate executives. I've chosen not to feature that terminology because it seems a bit perverse to think of Hamas as an agency cost issue, but whatever.
I don't have any concrete ideas on what policies need to change as a result of these considerations. I do think it should be a significant consideration, much more than it appears to be now. Two possible lessons that might be taken, which point in contradictory ways:
A. You cannot assault a terrorist group into submission. The terrorists live to fight.
B. The terrorists are likely to continue terror until either some superior political force supplants them (e.g. the rise of Sinn Fein to dominate the IRA) or they are dead.