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Here’s a solid article about the legality of this type of strike (published a day before the attack took place):
www.lawfaremedia.org
“… Both customary international law and the UN Chartergenerally prohibit “the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.” Article 51 of the charter, however, makes clear that this restriction is not intended to “impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a [state.]” While the United States might be able to justify some military actions against Iran on the basis of individual self-defense, the more straightforward legal justification for joining Israel’s military campaign against Iran would be to do so on the basis of collective self-defense, wherein Israel would consent to the United States assisting it in exercising its own individual right of self-defense. Whether this option is available, however, will depend on how the Trump administration views the legality of the military campaign Israel is pursuing. …”
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Hegseth expressly cited collective self-defense in his prepared statement this morning. Not saying it is a legit argument (since I think it hinges on the legality of the Israeli action in the first instance), just noting that the Trump team is going through the motions on this defense.
The Law of Going to War With Iran
Right or wrong, the executive branch likely thinks Trump has the legal authority to do it—at least until Congress or the courts say otherwise.

“… Both customary international law and the UN Chartergenerally prohibit “the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.” Article 51 of the charter, however, makes clear that this restriction is not intended to “impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a [state.]” While the United States might be able to justify some military actions against Iran on the basis of individual self-defense, the more straightforward legal justification for joining Israel’s military campaign against Iran would be to do so on the basis of collective self-defense, wherein Israel would consent to the United States assisting it in exercising its own individual right of self-defense. Whether this option is available, however, will depend on how the Trump administration views the legality of the military campaign Israel is pursuing. …”
——
Hegseth expressly cited collective self-defense in his prepared statement this morning. Not saying it is a legit argument (since I think it hinges on the legality of the Israeli action in the first instance), just noting that the Trump team is going through the motions on this defense.