YAY !
The very horrible trade deficit is narrowing !
I'm no economist, but don't trade deficits end up destroying our economy and provide no benefits for consumers or lead to economic and job growth ?
I think I read somewhere that the downside to a trade surplus could lead to higher prices and interest rates and stagnate economic growth. The example I read is Japan that has been running a trade surplus for years.
It's so confusing. I'm at the point where I'm thinking trade balances don't really matter, but I don't understand economics all that much.
ChatGPT can answer these questions.
Trade deficit is actually called a current account deficit, and the current account = capital account * -1. So a current account deficit creates a capital account surplus, and a capital account deficit creates a current account surplus.
One way to decrease a current account deficit is to reduce the capital account surplus -- for instance, by rejecting foreign investment. Likewise, reducing the trade deficit with tariffs decreases the capital account surplus. So here are some scenarios:
1. Economic boom. This will boost US consumption, and thus increase US imports. It will also make foreigners want to invest in the US, which will increase foreign investment. Trade deficit will increase, and it would be a sign of prosperity. Note that sometimes this investment is in the form of financing the US government (i.e. buying treasuries). When that investment declines while the federal budget deficit increases, the result is higher prices and/or higher interest rates.
2. Economic slump; This will decrease US consumption, and decrease imports. It also makes foreigners less likely to invest in the US, and thus the trade deficit falls.
3. Export-led growth. Increases exports, which results in a current account surplus , and thus a capital account deficit. That is, the exporter is financing investments outside its domestic economy. In the case of Asian export economies, this investment usually comes in the form of government debt, which is where they park the dollars they get in exchange for their goods. This is a sweet spot.
4. Tariffs. Decreases imports. Creates a current account surplus relative to before. Either the capital account has to adjust (meaning less foreign investment = less investment in the economy plus a loss of business activity), or the current account has to offset elsewhere. It could in theory be increased exports but that's highly unlikely given that the tariffs don't actually help American exporters abroad. So the adjustment will be in a currency effect or in inflation or in reduced consumption -- i.e. a recession.
As Paul Krugman says, there are no immaculate transfers. That is, there has to be a mechanism through which an accounting identity occurs, and the nature of that mechanism depends on policy and economy. Here, the trade deficit narrowing is probably simply a reflection of lower domestic consumption and probably some lower foreign investment as well.