So when Elon says he's revealing the largest fraud in history, what is he referring to?
First, there is no evidence that it doesn't track age correctly, and lots of evidence that it does -- you know, everyone who starts collecting Social Security at a certain age and not when they are 53. It's just that you don't know how the database works, and neither does Elon. As I've said before, it is incredibly common for databases to have columns that are not filled out as one might think. In fact, I can't remember EVER working on a database that doesn't have unused columns. Obviously I haven't seen this database, but the mere fact of an underutilized column means absolutely nothing.
The "business logic" for paying benefits could be anywhere. It wouldn't have to be in the SS database. It could be in the payment system. It could be somewhere else. In fact, I'd be surprised if it's in a single COBOL-based data file.